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Evaluation of broad-spectrum protection by novel mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta, Omicron-BA.5, XBB-EG.5) in the golden hamster model

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yu, Tong 1 ; Xing, JunHong 1 ; Zhuang, XinYu 2 ; Tian, MingYao 2 ;

作者机构： 1.Jilin Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changchun, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Changchun Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Key Lab Jilin Prov Zoonosis Prevent & Control, Changchun, Peoples R China

3.Jilin Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jilin Prov Engn Res Ctr Anim Probiot, 2888 Xincheng St, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China

关键词： SARS-CoV-2; Delta; Omicron-BA.5; XBB-EG.5; mRNA vaccine

期刊名称：VIROLOGY JOURNAL （ 影响因子：3.8； 五年影响因子：3.7 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 22 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has continuously evolved, with new variants like Delta, Omicron-BA.5, and XBB-EG.5 posing challenges to vaccine efficacy. mRNA vaccines have emerged as a promising tool due to their rapid development and adaptability. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of six novel mRNA vaccine candidates against these variants using a golden hamster model.MethodsSix mRNA vaccines were designed, targeting the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The vaccines were tested on golden hamsters, which were immunized and then challenged with Delta, Omicron-BA.5, and XBB-EG.5 variants. Key outcomes measured included body weight, viral RNA loads in various tissues, cytokine levels, and lung tissue pathology.ResultsHamsters vaccinated with the novel mRNA vaccines showed reduced weight loss, lower viral RNA loads in throat swabs and lung tissues, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to control groups. Additionally, vaccinated animals exhibited significantly less lung damage as evidenced by both histological and immunofluorescence analyses, especially in groups vaccinated with RBD-Fe, RE-N, and COVID-19 epitope formulations.ConclusionsThese mRNA vaccines demonstrated broad protective efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. They elicited immune responses, reduced viral RNA loads, and mitigated inflammatory and pathological damage, highlighting their potential in combating rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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