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Optimal nitrogen distribution in maize canopy can synergistically improve maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency while reduce environmental risks

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Guo, Xiaoxia 1 ; Liu, Wanmao 3 ; Yang, Yunshan 2 ; Liu, Guangzhou 4 ; Ming, Bo 1 ; Xie, Ruizhi 1 ; Wang, Keru 1 ; Li, Shaokun 1 ; Hou, Peng 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Key Lab Crop Physiol & Ecol, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Shihezi Univ, Coll Agron, Key Lab Oasis Ecoagr, Xinjiang Prod & Construct Corps, Shihezi 832000, Peoples R China

3.Ningxia Univ, Sch Agr, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China

4.Hebei Agr Univ, Coll Agron, State Key Lab North China Crop Improvement & Regul, Key Lab Water Saving Agr North China,Minist Agr &, Baoding 071001, Hebei, Peoples R China

关键词： Maize; Planting density; Nitrogen distribution; Nitrogen utilization efficiency; Reactive nitrogen losses intensity; Greenhouse gas intensity

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：6.4； 五年影响因子：6.8 ）

ISSN： 0167-8809

年卷期： 2025 年 383 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Under the premise of 0 increase in nitrogen input and environmental friendliness, optimizing planting density to improve canopy nitrogen distribution is conducive to balancing the contradiction between resource consumption and yield increase, and promoting a cleaner production model of high yield and high efficiency in maize. We studied the effects of nitrogen application on grain yield, grain nitrogen concentration, grain protein concentration, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and vegetative organ nitrogen uptake, distribution, remobilization, economic returns and environmental benefit of two high-yielding maize hybrids under different planting densities (7.5 x104 plant ha- 1 and 12.0 x 104 plant ha- 1) and nitrogen applications (0, 180, 360, and 540 kg N ha- 1) during 2019-2020. The results showed that the maize yield, grain nitrogen concentration and grain protein concentration reached the maximum of 22.7 t ha- 1, 1.9 %, 12.7 % corresponding to planting density of 12.0 x 104 plant ha- 1 and nitrogen application of 360 kg ha- 1. The economic returns were also maximized which was 5.4 x 103 USD ha- 1. Nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while increased with increasing planting density. The nitrogen accumulation and remobilization of plants had a positive response to nitrogen application and planting density. Higher yields were obtained due to higher vegetative organs of pre-silking nitrogen accumulation and stalk nitrogen remobilization and high nitrogen accumulation in the middle leaf. Under this high-yielding condition, both reactive nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions of the optimal combination were 6.1 % lower than the low-yielding combination. Therefore, under high planting density, selecting suitable hybrids, defining the appropriate nitrogen application and optimizing nitrogen distribution in maize canopy can achieve high-yield and efficient production of maize while reduce environmental risks. This study highlights the importance of optimizing canopy nitrogen distribution in maize, and likewise provides new insights into mitigating the negative environmental effects of agricultural production.

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