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PFLO: a high-throughput pose estimation model for field maize based on YOLO architecture

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Pan, Yuchen 1 ; Chang, Jianye 2 ; Dong, Zhemeng 2 ; Liu, Bingwen 1 ; Wang, Li 1 ; Liu, Hailin 2 ; Ruan, Jue 2 ;

作者机构： 1.Taiyuan Univ Technol, Coll Comp Sci & Technol, Coll Data Sci, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr,Genome Anal Lab,M, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China

3.Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China

关键词： Plant pose estimation; Maize; Computer vision; Deep learning; In-field monitoring

期刊名称：PLANT METHODS （ 影响因子：4.4； 五年影响因子：5.7 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 21 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Posture is a critical phenotypic trait that reflects crop growth and serves as an essential indicator for both agricultural production and scientific research. Accurate pose estimation enables real-time tracking of crop growth processes, but in field environments, challenges such as variable backgrounds, dense planting, occlusions, and morphological changes hinder precise posture analysis. To address these challenges, we propose PFLO (Pose Estimation Model of Field Maize Based on YOLO Architecture), an end-to-end model for maize pose estimation, coupled with a novel data processing method to generate bounding boxes and pose skeleton data from a"keypoint-line"annotated phenotypic database which could mitigate the effects of uneven manual annotations and biases. PFLO also incorporates advanced architectural enhancements to optimize feature extraction and selection, enabling robust performance in complex conditions such as dense arrangements and severe occlusions. On a fivefold validation set of 1,862 images, PFLO achieved 72.2% pose estimation mean average precision (mAP50) and 91.6% object detection mean average precision (mAP50), outperforming current state-of-the-art models. The model demonstrates improved detection of occluded, edge, and small targets, accurately reconstructing skeletal poses of maize crops. PFLO provides a powerful tool for real-time phenotypic analysis, advancing automated crop monitoring in precision agriculture.

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