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Rainfed conservation agricultural systems in the Yellow River Basin, China

文献类型： 会议论文

第一作者： Yan Changrong

作者： Yan Changrong 1 ; John Dixon 2 ; He Wenqing 1 ; Liu Enke 1 ; Liu Shuang 1 ; Liu Qin 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

2.International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico

关键词： rainfed farming system;agricultural research;No-till;stubble mulch;water productivity;soil and water conservation

会议名称： International Workshop on Rainfed Cropping Systems

主办单位：

页码： 71-88

摘要： The agricultural sector of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) plays an important role in national food security. It contains 15.3 million hectares of cultivated land, representing about 12.4% of the total cultivated land in China. Some 63% of the cultivatedland of the YRB lies in central portion of the Basin and most of it can be characterized as dry, rainfed, farming systems. In the YRB, the main dryland food grain crops are wheat/maize and millet, and the main cash crops are cotton, oil seeds (peanut, sesame and rape), tubers, fruit (notably apple) and sugar beet. Typically, one crop is grown per year in the upper and central regions, whereas in the downstream areas in Henan and Shandong Provinces two crops per year are common, with the main rotationsbeing wheat-maize, wheat-soybean and wheat-potato. Soil erosion, poverty and water shortages are three major problems that constrain the development of agriculture in the YRB. Severe soil erosion is leading to loss of the most fertile topsoil and decreasing soil productivity, particularly evident in dry and sloping lands associated with rainfed agriculture where rural poverty is also widespread. Water use efficiency is generally quite low in rainfed agriculture in the Basin due to high evaporation ratesand runoff. Conservation agriculture (CA) is the most promising option for sustainable agriculture in the YRB. Not only does CA generate immediate benefits in terms of increased farm productivity, it also offers social benefits of great relevance to YRB. Results from Shouyang County in 2007 and 2008 show that no tillage and reduced tillage can increase soil water availability and soil organic carbon (SOC stocks). Straw retention in tilled and no till systems significantly increased grain yield in bothyears, however yields with tillage were significantly higher than no-till, both with and without residue retention, and the reasons for this require further investigation.

分类号： S347-532

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