文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Gaurav, Isha ¹ ; Thakur, Abhimanyu ² ; Kumar, Gaurav ³ ; Long, Qin ⁴ ; Zhang, Kui ² ; Sidu, Rakesh Kumar ⁵ ; Thakur, Sudha ⁶ ; Sarkar, Rajesh Kumar ⁷ ; Kumar, Anoop ⁸ ; Iyaswamy, Ashok ¹ ; Yang, Zhijun ¹ ;

作者机构： 1.Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Sch Chinese Med, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China

2.Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Mol Engn, Ben May Dept Canc Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

3.Galgotias Univ, Sch Basic & Appl Sci, Dept Biosci, Clin Res Div, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India

4.Southwest Univ, Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Citrus Res Inst, Natl Citrus Engn Res Ctr, Chongqing 400712, Peoples R China

5.Banaras Hindu Univ, Indian Inst Technol, Sch Biomed Engn, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

6.Natl Inst Locomotor Disabil Divyangjan, Kolkata 700090, India

7.Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Div Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

8.Delhi Pharmaceut Sci & Res Univ DPSRU, Dept Pharmacol, New Delhi 110017, India

9.Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Mr & Mrs Ko Chi Ming Ctr Parkinsons Dis Res, Sch Chinese Med, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China

10.Karpagam Acad Higher Educ, Dept Biochem, Coimbatore 641021, India

11.Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Changshu Res Inst, Changshu Econ & Technol Dev CETD Zone, Changshu 215500, Peoples R China

关键词： citrus canker; drug delivery; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; Phyllanthus niruri; antimicrobial activity; Xanthomonas axonopodis; nirurinetin

期刊名称：NANOMATERIALS （ 影响因子：5.3； 五年影响因子：5.4 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2023 年 13 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (-10.32 kcal/mol and -6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (-6.42 kcal/mol and -2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.