文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Jiao, Chengzhi ¹ ; Xie, Xiaoming ³ ; Hao, Chenyang ¹ ; Chen, Liyang ⁴ ; Xie, Yuxin ¹ ; Garg, Vanika ⁵ ; Zhao, Li ¹ ; Wang, Zihao ³ ; Zhang, Yuqi ³ ; Li, Tian ¹ ; Fu, Junjie ¹ ; Chitikineni, Annapurna ⁵ ; Hou, Jian ¹ ; Liu, Hongxia ¹ ; Dwivedi, Girish ⁶ ; Liu, Xu ¹ ; Jia, Jizeng ¹ ; Mao, Long ¹ ; Wang, Xiue ² ; Appels, Rudi ⁵ ; Varshney, Rajeev K. ⁵ ; Guo, Weilong ³ ; Zhang, Xueyong ¹ ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, State Key Lab Crop Gene Resources & Breeding, Beijing, Peoples R China

2.Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement &, Nanjing, Peoples R China

3.China Agr Univ, Beijing Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Frontiers Sci Ctr Mol Design Breeding, Key Lab Crop Heterosis & Utilizat, Beijing, Peoples R China

4.Smartgen Technol Inst, Tianjin, Peoples R China

5.Murdoch Univ, Food Futures Inst, Ctr Crop & Food Innovat, WA State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA, Australia

6.Univ Western Australia, Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Murdoch, WA, Australia

7.Fiona Stanley Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Murdoch, WA, Australia

8.La Trobe Univ, Dept Econ Dev Jobs Transport & Resources, Ctr AgriBiosci, AgriBio, Bundoora, Vic, Australia

期刊名称：NATURE （ 影响因子：48.5； 五年影响因子：55.0 ）

ISSN： 0028-0836

年卷期： 2025 年 637 卷 8045 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Wheat is the second largest food crop with a very good breeding system and pedigree record in China. Investigating the genomic footprints of wheat cultivars will unveil potential avenues for future breeding efforts(1,2). Here we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of 17 wheat cultivars that chronicle the breeding history of China. Comparative genomic analysis uncovered a wealth of structural rearrangements, identifying 249,976 structural variations with 49.03% (122,567) longer than 5 kb. Cultivars developed in 1980s displayed significant accumulations of structural variations, a pattern linked to the extensive incorporation of European and American varieties into breeding programmes of that era. We further proved that structural variations in the centromere-proximal regions are associated with a reduction of crossover events. We showed that common wheat evolved from spring to winter types via mutations and duplications of the VRN-A1 gene as an adaptation strategy to a changing environment. We confirmed shifts in wheat cultivars linked to dietary preferences, migration and cultural integration in Northwest China. We identified large presence or absence variations of pSc200 tandem repeats on the 1RS terminal, suggesting its own rapid evolution in the wheat genome. The high-quality genome assemblies of 17 representatives developed and their good complementarity to the 10+ pan-genomes offer a robust platform for future genomics-assisted breeding in wheat.