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The pan genome analysis of WOX gene family in apple and the two sides of MdWUS-1 in promoting leaf-borne shoot

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Liu, Lin 1 ; Shu, Yafei 1 ; Wang, Yue 1 ; Liu, Mingyue 1 ; Xu, Shuxin 1 ; Lu, Xiaofan 1 ; Zhang, Yu 1 ; Yu, Luyao 2 ; Tao, Ze 3 ; Wang, Jiale 3 ; Ge, Bingkun 4 ; Cui, Pengzhen 5 ; Wu, Changai 1 ; Huang, Jinguang 1 ; Yan, Kang 1 ; Zheng, Chengchao 1 ; Yang, Guodong 1 ; Tian, Xin 1 ; Zhang, Shizhong 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China

2.Shandong Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China

3.Shenyang Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Shenyang 110866, Peoples R China

4.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Biotechnol Res Inst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

5.Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China

期刊名称：HORTICULTURE RESEARCH （ 影响因子：8.5； 五年影响因子：9.1 ）

ISSN： 2662-6810

年卷期： 2025 年 12 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms that cannot move freely in response to fluctuating and complex environments. As a result, plant development follows post-embryonic processes, enabling flexible developmental strategies to adapt to changing environment. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays a crucial role in regulating these post-embryonic processes in plants. In this study, we performed an evolutionary analysis of the WOX gene family across 29 plant species, isolating a total of 330 WOX family genes. Our study identified a fern protein with similar length and conserved motifs to WUS gene of spermatophyte, suggesting that the modern clade of the WOX family may have already diverged in ferns. Furthermore, we conducted a pan-genome analysis of the WOX family in Malus, examining the number and gene characteristics of WOX family members across eight varieties. The promoter elements of WUS-1, WUS-2, WOX5-1, and WOX5-2 in different Malus varieties were analyzed further. Additionally, we examined the expression patterns of modern clade WOX family members in developing tissues and during leaf-borne shoot regeneration of Malus. We developed the transgenic lines with inducible overexpression of MdWUS-1 or MdWOX5-1, which revealed that mild upregulation of MdWUS-1 significantly promoted leaf-borne shoot formation, while strong upregulation of MdWUS-1 led to browning and death of explants, likely due to oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into the evolution of the WOX gene family from ferns into seed plants and lay the foundation for further studies on the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression during shoot regeneration.

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