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Unveiling brain response mechanisms of citrus flavor perception: An EEG-based study on sensory and cognitive responses

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhao, Qian 1 ; Yang, Peilin 1 ; Wang, Xiaolei 1 ; Ye, Zhiyue 1 ; Xu, Zhenzhen 3 ; Chen, Jianle 1 ; Chen, Shiguo 1 ; Ye, Xingqian 1 ; Cheng, Huan 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Univ, Fuli Inst Food Sci, Coll Biosyst Engn & Food Sci, Natl Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Intelligent Food Tec, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China

2.Zhejiang Univ, Innovat Ctr Yangtze River Delta, Jiaxing 314102, Peoples R China

3.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Agrofood Safety & Qual, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

4.China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

5.Zhejiang Univ, Zhongyuan Inst, Zhengzhou 450000, Peoples R China

关键词： Citrus essential oils; Sensory perception; Electroencephalography; Flavor; Brain responses; Sensory evaluation

期刊名称：FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL （ 影响因子：8.0； 五年影响因子：8.5 ）

ISSN： 0963-9969

年卷期： 2025 年 206 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Citrus flavors are globally popular in food industry, yet research on the perceptual preferences of various citrus flavors is limited. Based on the subjective sensory evaluation, this study introduces a novel sensory analysis approach, using electroencephalography (EEG), to objectively measure the sensory and cognitive responses to nine citrus flavors, including d-limonene, concentrated (H-) and original essential oils of sweet orange (SEO), bergamot EO (BEO), lemon EO (LEO), and grapefruit EO (GEO). Results revealed that delta (0.5-4 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz) waves activity predominated in brain responses to citrus flavor, with greater activity observed in frontal and central regions compared to other areas. Sniffing citrus EOs triggered more complex and dynamic electrical activity than d-limonene, indicated by higher power density across all frequency bands (0.1-30 Hz). Interestingly, while the original citrus EOs were associated with higher self-reported acceptability, the concentrated forms elicited greater brain responses. Specifically, H-SEO and L-LEO eliciting significantly greater delta and alpha wave activity in the prefrontal region than their original forms (P < 0.05). A preliminary correlation was observed between brain laterality in alpha waves power and acceptability scores of citrus flavor, with delta waves power in the prefrontal region further demonstrating an effective reflection of self-reported acceptability scores for SEO and LEO stimuli. This is the first EEG-based study to compare brain responses to different citrus flavors, providing important implications for the food industry in optimizing product formulations and enhancing consumer experiences.

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