Occurrence and fate of antibiotic-resistance genes and their potential hosts in high-moisture alfalfa silage treated with or without formic acid bactericide
文献类型: 外文期刊
第一作者: Zhang, Xia
作者: Zhang, Xia;Usman, Samaila;Guo, Xusheng;Zhang, Xia;Usman, Samaila;Guo, Xusheng;Bature, Ibrahim
作者机构:
关键词: Antibiotic resistance genes; High -moisture alfalfa silage; Bactericide; Clinical ARGs; Mobile genetic elements
期刊名称:JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ( 影响因子:8.7; 五年影响因子:8.4 )
ISSN: 0301-4797
年卷期: 2023 年 347 卷
页码:
收录情况: SCI
摘要: Silage as the main forage for ruminants could be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through which these genes got access into the animals' system causing a latent health risk. This study employed metagenomics and investigated the ARGs' fate and transmission mechanism in high-moisture alfalfa silage treated with formic acid bactericide. The results showed that there were 22 ARGs types, in which multidrug, macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramine, bacitracin, beta-lactam, fosmidomycin, kasugamycin, and polymycin resistance genes were the most prevalent ARGs types in the ensiled alfalfa. The natural ensiling process increased ARGs enrichment. Intriguingly, after 5 days of ensiling, formic acid-treated silage reduced ARGs abundances by inhibiting host bacterial and plasmids. Although formic acid bactericide enhanced the fermentation characteristics of the highmoisture alfalfa by lowering silage pH, butyric acid concentration, dry matter losses and proteolysis, it increased ARGs abundances in alfalfa silage owing to increases in abundances of ARGs carriers and transposase after 90 days of ensiling. Notably, several pathogens like Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas were inferred as potential ARGs hosts in high-moisture alfalfa silage, and high-moisture alfalfa silage may harbor a portion of the clinical ARGs. Fundamentally, microbes were distinguished as the foremost driving factor of ARGs propagation in ensiling microecosystem. In conclusion, although formic acid bactericide improved the fermentation characteristics of high-moisture alfalfa during ensiling and reduced ARGs enrichment at the initial ensiling stage, it increased ARGs enrichment at the end of ensiling.
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